Japan has witnessed its largest-ever increase in foreign workers, according to recent government data, reflecting the country’s ongoing efforts to address labor shortages caused by its aging population.

As of October 2024, the number of foreign workers in Japan reached 2.3 million—an increase of approximately 254,000 compared to the previous year. This marks the most significant year-on-year rise since records began in 2008 and continues a decade-long trend of steady growth. In 2014, the foreign workforce was around 788,000, meaning the number has nearly tripled in just ten years.

With one of the world’s oldest populations, Japan faces a shrinking workforce. While immigration policies remain relatively strict, foreign workers are playing an increasingly vital role in key industries. Government data highlights that Vietnamese, Chinese, and Filipino workers make up the largest portion of Japan’s foreign labor force.

The most common sectors employing foreign workers include manufacturing, hospitality, and retail—industries that have been particularly affected by labor shortages.

One significant contributor to this workforce is Japan’s “Technical Intern Training Program,” which accounts for about 20.4% of foreign workers. Originally designed to provide specialized training to workers from countries like China and Vietnam, the program has faced criticism for being an unofficial pathway for foreign labor. Additionally, reports of unfair treatment and abuse within the program have raised concerns about worker rights and conditions.

As Japan continues to grapple with demographic challenges, the role of foreign workers is expected to become even more critical in sustaining key industries and supporting economic growth.